Dry ice is the solid form of carbon dioxide (CO2). It is called "dry" ice because it does not melt into a liquid when it warms up; instead, it sublimates directly into carbon dioxide gas. Dry ice is extremely cold, with a temperature of about -78.5°C (-109.3°F), making it very useful for refrigeration and cooling.
It is often used to keep perishable items cold during shipping, in science experiments, and in fog machines for theatrical effects because of its dense, fog-like vapor when it sublimates. Handling dry ice requires caution due to its extreme cold, which can cause frostbite on direct skin contact, and because it releases CO2 gas, which can displace oxygen in poorly ventilated spaces.
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